Nervous system diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, impairing communication between the body and brain. Common conditions include migraine, causing severe headaches; cerebral palsy, affecting movement and posture; Parkinson's disease, leading to tremors and motor dysfunction; motor neuron disease, causing progressive muscle weakness; epilepsy, characterized by recurrent seizures; and optic atrophy, damaging vision. Others like Huntington's disease and spinal muscular atrophy affect coordination and muscle control. These conditions may result from genetic factors, infections, or injuries, requiring medical and therapeutic interventions.